In Vivo Finding of Antiulcer Effect of Ethanolic Bark Extract of Delbergia sisso Roxb.

Jaliwala Y.A.*,Bhatt Neeraj Kumar, Chourasia Neha, Mohanty P.K

VNS Institute of Pharmacy, Vidhya Vihar, Nathu Barkheda, Bhopal-462044, MP, India.

ABSTRACT:

Delbergia sisso Roxb is a large deciduous tree found throughout India and is used mainly as aphrodisiac, abortifacient, expectorant, anthelmintic and antipyretic. The present study was conducted to assess the antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of D.sisso Roxb in experimental animals. Ethanolic extract was prepared and administered orally after suspending in normal saline in experimental animals. Antiulcer activity was evaluated by pre treatment of ranitidine as well as in Aspirin Plus Pylorus Ligation test (Antisecretory method), the seperate results showed that the ethenolic extract potently and significantly reduced the score of ulcer, as compared to control animals. Oral administration of ethanolic extract significantly in Ethanol induced ulcer (Cytoprotective method), on the pretreatment of Ranitidine, the marked reduction in gastric lesion(shows significant ulcer inhibition). The cytoprotective action probably stimulate the prostaglandin synthesis, which in turn protect the gastric mucosa. In water immersion plus restraint method several hemorrhagic gastric glandular mucosal ulcers were observed in stress-induced control animals. Significant changes in the ulcer index compared with control by given Ranitidine and Dalbergia sisso Roxb. In conclusion, these results suggest the presence of antiulcer activity in ethenolic extract of bark of Dalbergia sisso Roxb.

KEYWORDS: Dalbergia sisso, Antiulcer, Ranitidine, Ethanolic Extract,Gastric Secretion

INTRODUCTION:

Antiulcer drugs are a class of drugs, used to treat ulcers in the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine that bind to the H⁺/K⁺ATPase enzyme system(proton pump) of the parietal cell,there by suppressing secretion of hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen and antagonist of the Histamine H₂-receptors block the actions of histamine at all H₂-receptors. Delbergia sisso Roxb is a large deciduous tree found throughout India and is used mainly as aphrodisiac, abortifacient, expectorant, anthelmintic and antipyretic¹. Many studies have been performed on the antiulcer activity of the plant extract.The preliminary studies (unpublished data) indicated that the Delbergia sisso Roxb.possess antiulcer activity hence we investigates its antiulcer activity in experimental animals. The antiulcer activity was compared with Rhanitidine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Plant material:

Dalbergia sisso Roxb. is a large deciduous tree found throughout India.The plant was identified and authenticated by Dr. Zial ul Hasan, Asst. Prof. Botany Saifia Science College, Bhopal.

Preparation of extract: The powder of Dalbergia sisso Roxb. bark was successively extracted with 95% ethanol by heating under reflux² .The ethanolic extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to a semisolid mass and was made free from solvent. For in vivo studies the concentrated sisso bark extract was administered orally after suspending in normal saline.

Animals: Adult albino rats of either sex (150-200gm) were used in the present studies having approximately same age. The animals were fed with standard pellet diet and water ad libitam. All the animals were housed in polypropylene cages. The animals were kept under alternate cycle of 12 hours of dark and light. The animals were acclimatized to the laboratory condition for 1 week before starting the experiment.^3,4

The experimental protocol was performed in V.N.S. Institute of pharmacy, Neelbud, Bhopal with due permission from Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (Reg. No. 778/03/C/CPCSEA-03.09.03) in accordance with CPCSEA guidelines.

Toxicity study: Acute toxicity study of ethanolic bark extract of the Dalbergia sisso Roxb.was carried out for determination of LD₅₀ by following fixed dose method of CPCSEA, OECD guidelines 420. The albino mice weighing between 25-30 gm were used for the study. Mortility and toxic symptoms in the treated animals were observed continuously for the 24 hrs.

Aspirin Plus Pylorus ligation test:

<0.01) reduction in

The wistar albino rats weighing 100-200gm of either sex were divided into 3 groups. All the animals received 200 mg/kg aspirin daily for three days:

Group1-receive 1ml/kg p.o. 1% scmc (control)

Group2-receive 50mg/kg Ranitidine (standard)

Group3-receive 300mg/kg, p.o. ethanolic extract of D.sisso bark.

Fourth day pylorus part was ligated following 36 hr fasting. Four hours after the pyloric ligation the animal was sacrificed by decapitation. Stomach was opened and ulcer index determined⁵

Cytoprotective method:

The albino rats weighing 150-200gm of either sex were divided into 3 groups.

Group1-receive 1ml/kg p.o. 1% scmc (control)

Group2-receive 50 mg/kg Ranitidine (standard)

Group3-receive 300 mg/kg, p.o. ethanolic extract of D.sisso.

After 1 h all the animal were treated with 0.2 ml HCl-Ethanol mixture p.o. to induce ulcer. Animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the stomach was excised and lesion index was determined.⁶

Water immersion plus restraint-induced gastric ulceration:

Treatment: The gastroprotective activity was accessed by the method of Robert et.al.

The animals were grouped into four groups consisting of six rats each.

The First group served as control and received saline (1ml/kg, p.o.).

The Second group and Third group received low dose of raw extract (250 mg/kg,p.o.) and high dose of raw extract 400 mg/kg, p.o.) respectively.

The last group was treated with Ranitidine (50 mg/kg, p.o.) depend on gastric cytoprotective model respectively.

Experimental study: The method describes by Kasture S.B. et.al. (1999) was employed with singlet modification. Rats were fasted for 12 hrs, care being taken to avoid caprophagy.

Stress ulcers were induced in rats by forcing them to swim in the glass chamber filled with water up to 18 inches maintained at 25ºC for 2 hrs. Ranitidine 50 mg/kg,p.o. and the ethanolic bark extract of Dalbergia sisso Roxb. 250-400 mg/kg, p.o. 30 min. before the animals were subjected to stress. One group served as a non-stressed, vehicle control where as another group received stress and vehicle. The rats were immobilized in a restrainer and subsequently they are immersed in water up to xiphoid process for 7 hrs. The temperature of water was maintained at 24±1ºC, Drugs were given orally 30 min. prior to the restraint procedure. After 7 hrs of immobilization and water immersion the animals were taken out and were scarified by cervical dislocation, stomach were isolated and cut open and ulcer index was observed.^7,8

RESULTS:

1.Effect of Ethanolic extract of D.sisso on ulcer score in aspirin plus pylorus ligated rat:

In this model the parameters,investigated were the ulcer index ,% of ulcer inhibition and pH. Aspirin plus pylorus ligated(aspirin+PL)group showed significant increase in the ulcer index,pH and percentage of inhibition when compared with those of control PL group and standard group of animals. Oral administration of Extract Delbergia Sisso Roxb. resulted in significant reduction in the ulcer index and percentage of inhibition when compared with its control and standard Ranitidine.

S. No.

Treatment

Dose

Ulcer Index

% Ulcer inhibition

Vehicle (control)

Ranitidine

D.sisso

1 ml/kg

50(mg/kg b.wt.)

300(mg/kg b.wt.)

2.200±

0.163

3.167±

0.166

2.33±

0.210

3.6

0.16

1.66

2.Effect of Ethanolic extract of D.sisso in Ethanol induced Gastric lesion in mice:

Fig. 1: Control (1ml/kg) Fig. 2: Ranitidine (50mg/kg) Fig. 3: Dalbergia sisso (300mg/kg)

Ethanol produced haemorrhagic gastric lesions in the glandular portion of the stomach mucosa.

Ethanol extract of Delbergia Sisso Roxb.(300mg/kg,p.o.) showed significant reduction in ulcer index(Fig.3) when compared with the control group(Fig.1) and result were comparable with that of Ranitidine treated rats(Fig.2).

3. Effect of water immersion plus restraint-induced gastric ulceration:

In this model there is irrespective of increase in gastric juice volume, acidity and several haemorrhagic gastric glandular mucosal ulcers were observed in control. But oral administrationof Extract of Delbergia Sisso Roxb. dose of (250mg/kg and 400mg/kg) resulted in significant reduction in the ulcer index and percentage of inhibition in ulcer when compared with its control and standard as shown in Fig. of Group 1-4.

S. No.	Treat ment	Dose	Ulcer-Index	Inhibition %	Group No.
1.	Saline	1 ml/ mg	4	-	4
2.	Ranitidine	50 mg/kg	0	100	1
3.	Dalbergia sisso extract	250 mg/kg	2	50	2
3.	Dalbergia sisso extract	400 mg/kg	1	75	3

Group.1: Ranitidine Group.2: Dalbergia sisso.

(50mg/kg) (250 mg/kg,p.o.)

Group.3: Dalbergia sisso. Group.4: Control

(400 mg/kg, p.o.) (saline 1ml/kg,p.o.)

Examined gastric ulceration with the help of magnifying lens.

CONCLUSION:

In aspirin plus pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model the ethanol extract of D.sisso reduced the ulcer index thus showing the antisecretory mechanism. In case of vehicle control aspirin plus pylorus ligation increased the acid secretion, which in turn increase the ulcer index.

The protective effect of D.sisso extract against mucosal damage may be due to their action against 5-lipoxigenase pathway. The cytoprotective action probably stimulate the prostaglandin synthesis, which in turn protects the gastric mucosa. In water immersion plus restraint method several hemorrhagic gastric glandular mucosal ulcers were observed in stress-induced control animals. Significant reduction in the ulcer index and percentage of inhibition in ulcer when compared with Ranitidine and Delbergia Sisso Roxb.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1. Kirtikar, K.R., Basu, B.D., 1998. Indian Medicinal Plants. 2 Eds. Vol. 2, International Book Distributor, Dehradun, India, pp. 818-9.

2. Nadkarni KM. Indian Materia Medica, 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Bombay, Popular Book Depot, 1954; pp. 432

3. Sudjarwo SA et.al. (2005), Gastro protectine effect of curcumine on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats, Folia medIndonesia. 41;89-90.

4. Glavin GB et.al. (1992). Experimental gastric mucosal injury; laboratory models revel mechanisms of pathogenesis and new therapeutic strategies, FASEBJ. 6:825-31.

5. Ganguly AK, Bhatnagar OP Effect of bilateral adrenalatomy on production of restraint ulcers in stomach of albino rat. Can j physiol pharmacol 1973; 51:748-50.

6. Singh A.K. et.al. (2009). Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). Indian J. Pharmacol 41:28-31.

7. Kasture S.B. et.al (1999). Antistress activity of Butea monosperma flowers. Indian J Pharmacol 31:153-155.

8. Debvath P.K. et.al. (1980) Role of mucosubstance in the genesis of stress ulceration produced by electroshock and exhaustive swimming in albino rats, Indian journal of pharmacology. 12(2) 93-103(180).

Received on 10 04.2011

Accepted on 22.04.2011

Research J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 3(5): Sept –Oct. 2011, 278-280